Kugwiritsa ntchito chothandizira cha polyurethane mu zipangizo za thovu ndi kusanthula njira yopangira thovu

Chidule cha zipangizo za thovu la polyurethane

Foam ya polyurethane ndi chinthu cha polima chokhala ndi ma bowo. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri monga zomangamanga, mipando, magalimoto, ma phukusi, ndi zina zotero chifukwa cha kutenthetsa kwake bwino, kutenthetsa mawu, kuphimba ndi makina. Kupanga thovu la polyurethane ndi njira yovuta kwambiri ya thupi ndi mankhwala, momwe ma catalyst amathandizira kwambiri pakulamulira.

Njira yopangira thovu la polyurethane

Kupanga thovu la polyurethane kumaphatikizapo machitidwe awiri akuluakulu a mankhwala: kuchitapo kanthu kwa thovu ndi kuchitapo kanthu kwa gel.
Kutulutsa thovu kumatanthauza njira yomwe isocyanate (-NCO) imagwirira ntchito ndi madzi kuti ipange carbon dioxide (CO₂):
R-NCO + H₂O → R-NH₂ + CO₂↑
Mpweya wa CO₂ womwe umapangidwa ndi izi umakulitsa chisakanizocho kuti chipange kapangidwe ka thovu.
Kuyankha kwa gel kumatanthauza njira yomwe isocyanate imagwirira ntchito ndi polyol hydroxyl (-OH) kuti ipange unyolo wa polyurethane:
R-NCO + R'-OH → R-NH-CO-O-R'
Kuchita izi kumatsimikiza mphamvu yomaliza ndi mawonekedwe a thovu.

Njira yopangira maselo otseguka ndi otsekedwa mu thovu

1. Njira yopangira thovu lotseguka

Kupangidwa kwa thovu lotseguka kumachitika makamaka chifukwa chakuti pamene kupanikizika kwakukulu kumapangidwa mu thovu, khoma la selo lopangidwa ndi gel reaction silikhala lolimba mokwanira kuti lipirire kutambasuka kwa nembanemba ya khoma chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika kwa mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nembanemba ya khoma la thovu iphulike komanso kuti mpweya utuluke kuchokera ku kuphulikako. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapatsa thovu lotseguka makhalidwe otsatirawa:
- Mpweya wabwino wolowera
- Kuchita bwino kwambiri poyamwa mawu
- Mphamvu yochepa ya makina
- Kutentha kwambiri
Kuchuluka kwa maselo otseguka (kapena kuchuluka kwa maselo otsekedwa) ndi chizindikiro chofunikira poyesa momwe thovu limagwirira ntchito, chomwe chimakhudza mwachindunji magawo ofunikira a magwiridwe antchito monga kutentha, kulowa kwa chinyezi komanso kukhazikika kwa thovu.

2. Njira yopangira thovu lotsekedwa

Kupanga thovu lotsekedwa kumafuna liwiro la gelation mwachangu, lomwe nthawi zambiri limapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito polyols za polyether zolemera pang'ono komanso zogwira ntchito zambiri kuti zigwirizane ndi polyisocyanates. Mu dongosololi:
- Liwiro la kuyankha kwa gel ndi lachangu mokwanira
- Mphamvu ya khoma la selo imawonjezeka mofulumira
- Mpweya sungaphwanye khoma la selo
- Kapangidwe ka thovu kolamulidwa ndi maselo otsekedwa kamapangidwa
Thovu lolimba la polyurethane lokhala ndi maselo otsekedwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale oteteza nyumba ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zozizira chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zabwino kwambiri zotetezera kutentha. Chiŵerengero chake cha maselo otsekedwa chimatha kufika pa 90%-95%.

Kugwiritsa ntchitoMXC-37 (DMAEE)chothandizira mu thovu la polyurethane

MXC-37 (DMAEE) ndi chothandizira cha amine chopanda utsi, chopanda fungo lochepa chomwe chili ndi ubwino wapadera popanga thovu la polyurethane:

1. Makhalidwe a malonda

- Kutulutsa thovu kwambiri: makamaka koyenera popanga mankhwala okhala ndi madzi ambiri
- Fungo lochepa: limachepetsa kwambiri fungo la amine lomwe limapezeka mu thovu
- Kusinthasintha kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito: kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chothandizira chachikulu chokha kapena ngati chothandizira chophatikizana ndi BDMAEE, ndi zina zotero.

2. Madera akuluakulu ogwiritsira ntchito

- Thovu la polyurethane lopopera lokhala ndi thovu lochepa (SPF) lopaka madzi
- Thovu lofewa lokhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito Ester
- Thovu la microcellular
- Elastomer
- Kuumba jakisoni wa Reaction (RIM) ndi kuumba jakisoni wolimbikitsidwa wa reaction (RRIM)
- Ma phukusi olimba a thovu

3. Ubwino waukadaulo

MXC-37 (DMAEE) ikhoza:
- Konzani bwino kapangidwe ka thovu
- Sinthani kukhazikika kwa thovu
- Kukweza khalidwe la pamwamba pa chinthucho
- Kuchepetsa Utsi Wosakhazikika wa Organic Compound (VOC)

Kusankha ndi Kukonza Bwino kwaChothandizira cha Polyurethane

Pakupanga kwenikweni, kusankha zinthu zoyambitsa matenda kuyenera kuganizira zinthu zotsatirazi:
1. Kuchitapo Kanthu: Sankhani chothandizira chomwe chili ndi ntchito yoyenera malinga ndi zofunikira pa ndondomekoyi
2. Zofunikira pa fungo: Zothandizira fungo lochepa ziyenera kusankhidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza fungo loipa
3. Kugwira ntchito kwa chilengedwe: Kukwaniritsa malamulo okhwima okhudza chilengedwe
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama: Konzani bwino ndalama zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito pamene mukuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino
MXC-37 (DMAEE) yakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa zinthu zambiri zapamwamba za thovu la polyurethane chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake abwino kwambiri, makamaka pogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zomwe zili ndi zofunikira kwambiri pa fungo ndi kuteteza chilengedwe.

Mapeto

Ma catalyst a polyurethane amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukonzekera zinthu za thovu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma catalyst imatha kusintha kapangidwe ka ma pore, mawonekedwe enieni ndi mawonekedwe a thovu. Monga catalyst yothandiza komanso yosamalira chilengedwe, MXC-37 (DMAEE) imapereka yankho labwino kwambiri popanga thovu la polyurethane, makamaka pazinthu za thovu zomwe zimafuna fungo lochepa komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. Ndi kusintha kosalekeza kwa zofunikira zoteteza chilengedwe komanso kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, mtundu uwu wa catalyst wochita bwino kwambiri udzakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri mumakampani opanga polyurethane.